10 Things I Learned this Week, Edition 1.

Posted by Gaurav On Monday, May 30, 2011 4 comments

With Sunday rolling around, I wanted to start a feature that I hope to continue once a week here in Benin: ten things that I have learned this past week. I think this is important because it allows me to make light of the learning curve I’m having here, while giving readers an idea about my experiences during the week without boring them with too many details. So here we go, week 1!


Prince, my French teacher, takes care of my more orthodox lessons in Benin.
1) Even light rain can hurt when you are doing 80 on a moto down the highway.

2) Children will go as far as licking concrete walls to get attention, and no, it’s definitely not a cultural thing.

3) Not to pay for tours unless they are in both French AND English.

4) The bigger the roach, the fewer whacks it takes to kill.

5) In the “Yagbo yagbo bonsoir, ca va bien? Merci!” chant sung by children whenever I pass some of them, “yagbo” means “white person”.

6) I’m a yagbo.

7) Thunderstorms that would get “storm warning” notices on Ontario TV screens are the norm here.

8) The concept of a cell phone contract is perplexing to most people I’ve tried to explain it to.

9) The Portuguese were the first to establish the slave trade in Ouidah. 

10) Sitting in front of a DSLR stating your name and aspirations looks easier than it is on the other side.

Hope you enjoyed! Currently the internet is down but I hope I can get this post up sometime later tonight. Please don’t forget to leave comments, it is greatly appreciated! If you are reading this and you have your own blog about your summer program or for that matter anything to do with my website, please let me know so I can share the address in my links.

Not able to upload pics right now for whatever reason... really frustrating but I will figure it out tomorrow!  

Tout à l’heure!



Benin's Got Talent

Posted by Gaurav On 2 comments

            This weekend has been quite the ride, and it’s only Saturday night.


Friday night was spent at one of the last places I would imagine finding myself in Benin – a high school graduation party. When Jules mentioned going to a party, I had no idea what to expect. I was bombarded with questions by my host family on where it was, how long I would be out, and what I was going to be doing at the party. Although that made it feel a bit more like home, I came up short on answers. 

Jules, Prince, another friend Achele (ash-eel), Jenny, and two girls who I didn’t know showed up at my door to pick me up, and we headed off. The party was not like how you might expect a similar one to be in Canada. It was outdoors, in the large area outside of the high school. There were external food vendors who had set up shop inside the courtyard. There was alcohol everywhere (if there’s a legal drinking age in Benin, I don’t know anyone that respects it). And there were lots and lots of random adults. There must have been a 50/50 split between adults and students at the party. Finally, the party just ended up being a talent show and sort of ended afterwards.

After a pretty good rap duo performed, there was what I would presume to be a teacher in traditional clothing performing a dance to some local music. During this dance, I got to observe people from the audience walk up to the performer and touch some money to his face, allowing it to drop to his feet. I thought this was interesting because this is a regular occurrence at both Hindu and Sikh wedding receptions, whereas in the west the cultural meaning is completely different if someone throws money at you while you are dancing. It was just a random connection between distant cultures, so it was kinda cool.

Anyways, the next morning we headed off to Grand Popo, which is the westernmost point in the south of Benin, surrounded on two sides by Togo’s border. It’s only about an hour drive, but the crazy thing is that we took motos. My hair looked like I had touched one of those static balls at a science centre after the trip. Ultimately, we only spent a few minutes in Grand Popo because it started raining (which kinda sucked), but I’m sure there will be good opportunities to go in the future. We also spent some time in the junction city of Comé grabbing food and checking out the market.

By the time we got back around 3pm, it was time for me to head to Melissa’s dance performance with the rest of the family. I’m not sure if I’ve mentioned it yet, but Melissa is the 10 year old daughter in my host family. Melissa danced her heart out and the other performances were all quite good as well, especially considering they were done by kids around the ages of 8-12. The event happened to be set up by some American Peace Corps volunteers, and it was a grand opening of a cultural music and arts centre in Ouidah.  As such, it turned out to be a pretty big deal and the mayor of Ouidah and the US ambassador were both in attendance. I got the numbers of the people who helped organize the event and of the mayor, so I hope those might come in handy in the future. 
Not the greatest photo, but I hope it helps convey the message.

                The moral of the story is to go to your brothers’ and sisters’ talent shows. But seriously, family matters. I think that will be the subject of my next post from Benin. Until then, I want to hear some more ideas for potential posts that don’t have to do with my trip. I know I told every class during my presentations at Chinguacousy that I can write about whatever concerns you the most. Although you might take interest in my trip to Benin, there is probably something more pressing right now like selecting universities, scholarship applications, or uni applications that you might be having trouble with. Please let me know what you want me to write about!


You Keep the Sunshine, Save Me the Rain

Posted by Gaurav On 2 comments

            First off! I hope my absence from No Prereqs hasn’t lost my readership (yes, immediate family, that means you). Please pardon the detour from my regular blogging schedule. This was my first week of full, intensive work and as a result I felt more inclined to engage in cultural gap-bridging activities such as watching The Ring with my host family than reflect on my somewhat less stimulating days of website building, information gathering and proposal drafting.


So yeah, work has been going slow. There were a couple days when I got up, got to the orphanage, and then was sent home because the director couldn’t work that day and the kids were off at school. As far as accomplishing stuff, I’ve laid out the framework for some of the proposal (but keep getting held up because I’m lacking details), and same thing for the website (which is really just a blog because I decided that learning web design is not the best way to use my time here).

Puddles puddles everywhere!
The good news is that I’m doing the impossible – adjusting to the climate. Now, this is not really a fair statement because I’ve been blessed with rain 5 out of 7 days this week, but I’m starting to notice the humidity a lot less. That has made for an all around pretty happy Gaurav. The only downside to this is that I’ve heard that when the rainy seasons sets in, you see a lot less of the animals at the national parks in the north of Benin – one of the places I really wanted to visit.

I can’t believe that I’ve already been here for half a month now! Time really does fly and it’s making me nervous because I don’t want to leave here feeling like I didn’t do enough for the orphanage. The conflict is this: although I know some of the work I am doing has the potential to help the orphanage in the future, results are what matters. Mr. Agbo (the director) had to call up his friend to ask to borrow money to buy food for the kids for THIS week. Yeah, it’s that urgent. So I’m torn between wanting to get money fast, and wanting to set up a sustainable model for the future, and I know if I try to do both at the same time, I’ll accomplish nothing.

I haven’t really been places this week as I’ve been caught up in my work and French lessons. By the way, it now only takes me 25 minutes to construct a paragraph the size of the one above in French. Progress! But I don’t think my first full post in French will be coming until sometime next week. When faced with speaking it, I still freeze up faster than Milhouse’s brain on a Super Squishy. Yes, I’ve been watching The Simpsons with my host family too.  

Finally, the title of this blog is a thumbs-up to the rainy weather of the past week, and is in fact inspired by “Drop the World”. I’m an avid hip hop fan and I’m picking up on some of the French hip hop here, mostly coming out of France and Cote D’Ivoire.  


French

Posted by Gaurav On Sunday, May 22, 2011 3 comments

                Mr. Agbo is a very animated speaker. I watched his hands move about rapidly: sometimes pointing a finger in the direction of a place, then rotating slowly about each other at chest level to signify progress, only to slow down momentarily before being extended far apart to express the magnitude of what he was saying.

                What he was saying. I snapped back to attention. “Le dernière exemple...” he was saying. I nodded to show him that he should proceed. He would continue on, and after a few moments of listening intently to pick up on a few words that I might recognize, my mind began to wander again.

                Mr. Agbo is the director of the orphanage I am working with, Espoir D’Enfant Bénin. It means (not a direct translation) Hope of Benin’s Children. I was visiting the orphanage to ask Mr. Agbo some questions about himself and the orphanage, to collect information for the website I will be designing for them. Now let’s get this straight. It’s not that I wasn’t interested in what he was saying. It was the seemingly insurmountable language barrier that held me back.

                Learning a language is not my field of expertise. I learn best when the rules are logical, exceptions are minimal and the applications are many. I hate memorization and it shows, because I am always flipping through my notebook to find the French word I am looking for in the middle of my sentences.

                It sucks not being able to convey what I am feeling or fully understand what someone is saying, and there’s no way to shorten this learning curve except practice. This is why I am considering writing a post every now and then in French. Don’t worry! You can just cut and paste these posts into Google Translate if you don’t know French. I will be using Google Translate to check my grammar and sentence structure anyways.

                Please let me know what you think of this idea in the comments, and let me know if you’d still read the blog posts in French!


The Gate of No Return

Posted by Gaurav On Friday, May 20, 2011 5 comments

           Yesterday started with my first French lesson. It was just me and the teacher for 2 straight hours, which was the upside. The flipside was that the teacher is not fluent in English, so he couldn’t provide much help translating words I didn’t understand. However, he’s a great guy. It went well.


After the lessons it was laundry time! My first time hand washing clothes (hockey equipment doesn’t count) in at least 10 years... and it showed. My host mama soon took over and I was relegated to rinsing and hanging the clothes on the line.

The day really took off however, when Jules and Jennifer dropped by.


Extreme Makeover: Benin Edition

Posted by Gaurav On 1 comments

When you hit rock bottom, the only way to go is up. But I can’t help but think I’ve gotten a hold of a blimp or something, because now I’m soaring.

                What did it take to break me out of my funk? It seems it was just a contemplative ride back from Cotonou, and 850 francs (about $1.85). 

                On my way back from Cotonou on Wednesday, after a day of visiting embassies, Benin’s sole superstore, and a street-side restaurant with authentic Cote D’Ivoire cuisine, I sat silently in the back seat, watching as our common taxi drove past streets busy with motos, street vendors, and always, someone yelling. It's called a common taxi because the driver doesn't leave the station until they have packed 2 people in the passenger seat and 4 in the back. Jules paid for the 4th spot at the back so we could have some space. Him and Jennifer, the other volunteer who arrived Tuesday night, were fast asleep. 

                I was at peace. It had been a good day. And then it hit me – I’m in Benin. When you experience culture shock, climate shock, and most other types of shock, the magnitude of this statement may evade you. It had evaded me, until that moment. I was experiencing something few people have a chance to live, and my visit here might be my only time in Benin, ever. Then slowly, it all began to soak in, truly, for the first time. The sights, the sounds, the colours. The people. And I began to warm up to my stay here.

                On the way home I decided to pick up a small bamboo carpet for my room, because I had grown tired of the unwelcoming concrete. When I got home, my spirit carried over with me: I obtained a broom and swept my room. Then I laid out the carpet and rearranged the desk and chair. Finally, I removed my suitcase from my bed (under the sanctuary of the bug net), and unpacked my clothes, officially moving in. 

                It felt so good to make the room more homely. It was just a few minor changes, but it was a major paradigm shift. It made me look forward to coming home, a difference from the past week. I made do with what I had and honestly embraced it for le premiere fois. The extreme makeover was complete.

                I promised pictures with this post, and here they are. I forgot to take a picture of my room after the "renovation" but truthfully, the bamboo rug doesn't really change much visually, so I've included photos from my room that I took last week.

Just click on the photos to see them at their true resolution!
My room from the courtyard

The bed with blue bug net above :)

The shower
The Toilet


The picture shows the interior of the common taxi's hatchback, and how the road from Cotonou to Ouidah is littered with "motos", known in North America as scooters.


Judgment Day

Posted by Gaurav On Wednesday, May 18, 2011 6 comments


                So, Monday was my first day of work at the orphanage. It was one of the most difficult days of my life.

I began the day waking up early in the morning, getting showered and ready by 7 am. Jules told me that we would be going to the Cotonou to visit the Consulate and pick up my phone in the morning, and I would visit the orphanage in the evening to set a schedule for the work I was going to do with them. However, when he arrived he said the plans had changed and I would stop by the orphanage in the morning instead. He was busy and had to go to Cotonou during the night anyways to pick up another volunteer, so we could get my phone then. (I don’t know if this has been made explicit yet, but Cotonou is the main city in Benin, and it’s about 40 km from the small town Ouidah where I am staying, so you have to go there to do pretty much everything).

So we headed off to the orphanage. When we got there, the director was not in sight. He had to take one of the young children to the hospital and was gone all day. However, his assistant Raphael (another volunteer, although he is a native of Benin), was there. Raphael lives with the children at the orphanage and hopes to be a pastor in a Methodist church one day.

Jules left me with Raphael and said he had to go prepare things at the volunteer house for the other volunteer who was arriving tonight. He said I should go over my duties at the orphanage with Raphael, and head home for lunch, and return to the orphanage later in the day.

Raphael spoke no English, so it took my toddler French about an hour to learn what the daily activities were. Without further instruction on what to do during the day, we proceeded to go through them.

This was a big mistake for me. Why? One word: heat. The heat in Benin is not like the heat in Canada. In Canada I have survived temperatures as hot as 38 degrees centigrade. It was only 29-30 degrees on Monday. However, since Benin is so close to the equator, and Ouidah is so close to the coast, it fits right in as a humid tropical climate.  Equally as unfortunate, one of my many Achilles heels just so happens to be humidity, and I can even go so far as to say it is my greatest physical weakness (please, any arch enemies who are reading this, don’t use this against me). Here’s an example of how even the slightest humidity can literally destroy my will to live: when I take a shower here, during the time it takes me to dry myself off, walk a distance of one foot to my bed, and get under the bug net, I am sweating so much that it feels like I’m still in the shower. I know, it’s disgusting (please, arch enemies, respect the same message). However, it’s just how I am, and I can’t change it.

And it’s just how Benin is and that won’t change either. Walking home for lunch, my clothes stuck to my body with sweat and eyes watering from all the dust and salty sweat obscuring them, I had one thought: I want to get out of this place as soon as possible. In my mind, I was already deciding whether it would be worth the wait to change my flight the slower but cheaper way by email, or if I should pay up and do it by phone. Another factor that played into my mood besides the ever brutal air thick with moisture, was how unrewarding my day at the orphanage had been.

We had spent the day mostly lounging around, and when the kids needed to be dropped off or picked up from school, I superfluously accompanied Raphael on the dreadful walk. We tilled the ground at the vegetable patch with some spades, and although Raphael was encouraging, I know I sucked at it. Otherwise I watched as he collected eggs from the chicken coup in the orphanage. I felt useless and only showed signs of life in the shade. It was terrible.

The plot was bad, but the setting was downright depressing. I have pictures of the orphanage that I have taken since (I didn’t have my camera with me that day), and they will do better justice to the truth of these children’s lives than my words can. However, let me share one story that might put this in perspective.

We returned to the orphanage after our work at the garden and I was beginning to feel dizzy from the water loss from perspiring. I asked Raphael there was some chilled water I could drink to replenish myself; he said that there was water, but it was not chilled. The orphanage did not own a fridge. Thirsty as hell, I told him that was fine and we proceeded to the kitchen. On the countertop sat a pot with what looked like charred fish. There must have been two dozen flies sitting on the fish or buzzing around it. Raphael saw this and called for one of the children, who promptly brought a filthy rag and threw it over the pot nonchalantly. I was alarmed, but Raphael did not respond, so I understood this to be normal. Then Raphael retrieved a smaller pot, which he dipped into an old yellow container full of water for washing hands, which probably held gasoline in the past. As I saw his hand touch the water, I cringed a little. He had just contaminated the whole pot – earlier he had used the washroom without washing his hands. Choosing to ignore this, I held out my hands below the pot, and this is the real reality check – Raphael shook his head, raised the pot to his lips, and drank from it – motioning for me to do the same. I hesitated for a moment, and in that moment you can imagine the sanitary concerns that ran through my head. But it was a brief moment, and I took the pot from him and gulped down half of it before handing it back.   

Around 5pm, after making my third round trip to the school, I decided it was time for me to head home. This time I wisely took a moto taxi (pictures coming next post, I promise), grudgingly accepting that I probably shouldn’t subject myself to probable harm as an excuse to head home. Although the ride was refreshing, I had made up my mind: I could not handle working at the orphanage anymore, the heat was too much.

Later that night, Jules dropped by my host family’s house to pick me up for our late night journey to Cotonou. Since he was early, we stopped at a bar for drinks before we left Ouidah. I decided that I would discuss my concerns about the day with him and tell him how I felt about sticking around.

At the bar I was more at ease because the night had settled in and a gentle breeze had started flowing through the streets. Sipping on my drink, a carbonated blend of delicious fruit juices, I explained the difficulty of my experience and my concerns about the future with great detail. When I was done, Jules laughed. “It only took one day, huh?”

I glared back. I had a feeling he wouldn’t understand, because he was accustomed to the heat. However, Jules continued. “Look,” he said. “I know it was difficult to live like that, but that is someone’s life. Raphael and the children live that every day”. He continued, explaining how important it was to live poverty rather than just see it, in order to understand it fully.

“You’re right in saying that you shouldn’t be doing manual labour, that’s not your expertise. We will look for a different way for you to help the orphanage, maybe you can start on the administrative side of things right away. You won’t spend another day like that, I’ll make sure of it. But let me ask you one question... now that it is over, now that you are sitting here with me and we are enjoying Ouidah. Was it a bad experience?”

I thought about it for a moment and a grin slowly started to spread across my face. “Jules,” I said emphatically, “No experience is bad experience”. Jules grinned back and we were soon laughing together.

The sun had set on the day that shook my personal will, right down to its foundations. And I was still standing, albeit slumping. It had passed - and in doing so, it had felt like my judgment day.

EDIT:
The pictures below were taken during my second day, when I returned to discuss my position in helping out the orphanage. It was suggested that taking photos to raise awareness would be a good start.
Raphael turning for a picture while gathering water from the well

This child is in the midst of exam period, and is using his time off to help with some cooking.

This is the kitchen that I mentioned in my post.

The boys washroom. Raphael explained that they squat close to the green pail and use the water in the containers to "flush" the toilet through the hole.

The youngest of the 45 is not old enough for school yet, so I was able to snap a couple photos of him during my visit.

Inside the chicken coupe with Raphael. This is in the middle of the orphanage. They sell the eggs and meat to fund their activities, but they don't make nearly enough in a city where 30 eggs can be bought for $1.50.
 


How to Ace Multiple Choice Tests

Posted by Gaurav On Monday, May 16, 2011 4 comments

So, we have come to the long awaited multiple choice strategies post. A large number of your tests during your first year of university or college will probably be multiple choice, especially if you are in a science program. I love multiple choice tests because they are not subjective, the answer is given to you, and managing time is simple since all questions are of equal weight.

Before you read my post, you should probably know about my inspiration for writing it. There  is a post over at MedHopeful by Joshua that I read during my last year of high school on the same subject. I found it very helpful and I recommend that you read it first before you continue to read mine. Since it is so well written, I will not be repeating the strategies discussed there. My post here might be considered my personal addendum to Joshua’s post.

Let me start this off with a full disclaimer: the tips I share here are by no means foolproof, (So yes, the title was a ploy to catch the attention of more readers). Learn from them, but if you follow them for every single test you write, you may not be very successful. I will discuss why this is so in depth during the next section of this post. The majority of these strategies deal with narrowing down options on questions you have no idea how to answer. The truth is that even very well prepared students sometimes face a question they don’t know the answer to – but that doesn’t mean they have to get it wrong.
Now! Lets get started.

Not all Multiple Choice Tests are Made Equal

 You might write multiple choice tests in many classes and feel like they are all the same basic concept. Well, you wouldn’t be wrong! Multiple choice tests all have the same attributes: many questions to answer that are usually allotted 1-3 minutes each, 4-5 possible answers, and equal weight all for correct answers. Some multiple choice tests deduct marks for wrong answers – most don’t. Joshua discusses multiple choice tests that deduct marks very thoroughly, so I will leave it up to you to read his post if you are interested in that subject.


So how are multiple choice tests different? From what I’ve seen, the way multiple choice tests are designed can vary substantially from class to class BUT remain very consistent from test to test within the same course. This is because different professors design their questions differently. Why? Sometimes, multiple choice tests are designed differently because of the course content. For example, you will consistently see “all of the above” or “both a and b are correct” in knowledge-heavy courses like biology, but you will be hard pressed to find options like that on a calculus exam just because of the nature of mathematics. Even MC tests for the same subject can be written differently – it’s often a matter of the professor’s personal preference. A very particular professor may often throw in trick questions to see if you are paying close attention to details, whereas a professor with a different teaching style might not agree with the concept of trick questions.

It’s important to understand the design of the test, because it helps you select your strategies appropriately, study efficiently and save time on the test. For example, one of your MC strategies for biology might be to go through each of the answer choices and see if they are true or not after you read the question. On a calculus exam, just calculating the answer and looking for it among the options would be much more efficient than working backwards through each of the options. For the same math exam, you would spend more time doing calculations in preparation for the exam because you know that’s what you will be tested on. Finally, when you know whether applying certain strategies on a test will work or not, you can immediately decide how to approach a question once you read it. It will save precious time on the test.

So how do you know how your test will be styled? Well, the first thing to do is a take a look at the course syllabus. Look for key words like “knowledge and understanding of” (like completing readings) and “application of concepts” (like doing calculations) to decide what the purpose of the course is, and as a result, what you can expect on the tests. Since it usually depends on the professor as well, pay close attention to your professor in lectures. My psychology professor told us at the beginning of the semester that he would not put any trick questions on the exam, and he held true to his word. However, the best way to understand the tendencies of your professor, (whether they: enjoy putting many “all of the above” type options, require calculations, focus on details or larger concepts, have a tendency to include outlier options, include simple diagrams or expect you to draw your own, etc.)  is through the actual tests themselves. Sometimes past tests are made available: check your library, google search, or sometimes they are given by profs as practice material. It is essential that you go over these and recognize the tendencies of your professor so you can prepare yourself appropriately. If you have no sample questions available, it can be useful to make mental notes about the types of questions you are encountering most as you move through a test. If you often leave tests early, after checking your answers, take some time to analyze the format of the test before you hand it in.

So now that we’ve covered how to distinguish between test types, let’s get down to the strategies themselves.

How to Approach Questions with Multiple Similar Options


When faced with a question with a question that has two or three similar options and the rest are different, often times the correct answer will be one of the similar ones. This is because professors know that some students will know part of the answer but don’t know the second part or don’t have enough knowledge of detail. They like to weed out these students by presenting two similar options, forcing the student to guess. However, this format can also benefit some students: the ones who don’t know anything about the question to begin with. For examples, I am going to use questions from a practice exam provided by my chemistry professor during first semester. Take the question below for example:


Let’s say you have no idea how to approach this question. If you take a look at the possible answer choices, you will notice that there are two options that are more similar than the others, just based on how they are written. They have the exact same words and spelling in them, but are just in a different order. They are A and C. Now, you only have to guess between 2 possible answers rather than 5. In this case, the correct answer is C. 

Sometimes on calculation based tests, the opposite is true. Say for example you are faced with a question like, “What is a good decimal approximation of 2/3?” In this example, let's say there are the following four possibilities:

       A) 0.23
       B) 0.2
       C) 0.67
       D) 0.22

Unless the professor is testing you specifically on something like significant digits, it is unrealistic of them to expect you to distinguish between the very similar options A, B and D. As a result, the correct answer can only be C. Warning: this situation is not exactly common, but I’ve seen it at least a couple times so I thought it was worth mentioning. This is a good example to relate back to the first part of this post: remembering what the prof is looking for is IMPERATIVE. If they were testing significant digits, and the question said 1/3, this would be a perfectly valid question with 3 viable options.
 
It’s Never Answer E

Ok, just kidding. If only multiple choice tests were that easy! However, there is an important strategy concerning the situation where your final option on a MC question is “all of the above” or “none of the above”. When you don’t know how to approach a question like this, it is important to consider that the last option has more requirements to be correct than all of the other options. If “all of the above” is the correct option, all of the 4 statements above MUST hold true. This is less likely than only 1 of the statements holding true. Let’s break this down to probability: each statement has an equal probability of being true (50% of the time) and being false (50% of the time). It is helpful to compare this to a coin toss, so let’s assign heads to a true statement and tails to a false statement. If you flip 4 coins, the probability of you getting a mixture of heads and tails is more likely than you getting 4 heads (or no heads, if the question says none of the above). You can see this on multiple choice tests: if you go through answer keys for multiple choice exams, and only look at the questions with an “all of the above” type answer, that option shows up as the right answer less often than 25% of the time for tests with 4 options per question.


All of this is to say that if you have absolutely no idea how to approach a question like this, pick the “all of the above” option less often when you are guessing. However, DO NOT use this strategy when you see at least two statements that you know are correct. Another example where this advice goes down the drain is when your professor only has 2 or 3 questions with an “all of the above” option. In this case, the professor probably included this option because it has significance as either the correct answer, or being a trap answer (common misconception). This strategy is a desperate last measure if you can’t narrow down the options at all.

Personally, I appreciate questions with an option type like “none of the above”, because if you find fault in even a single one of the other options, then you can cross out 2 possible answers instead of one, largely increasing your odds of getting a question right. It’s like a freebie!

Spot the Outlier

Some teachers choose to make this pretty damn easy. Since exams are stressful, many times teachers throw in a question with a ridiculous option choice. I’ve had some pretty wacky things come up on exams, anything from “spongebob squarepants” to “@&^!*#!!”. Although not all outliers are always this visible, the point is that they are often present in questions and can help you narrow down option choices.


In this question, A is visually the outlier, you can spot it at a glance because it looks different than the other options. Sometimes spotting the outlier requires a bit of knowledge about the subject or reading through the options and it does not “pop” out as an outlier.



Above, the outlier (D) is not as easy to spot since it does not visually pop out. However, all of the other options include the word “theory”, and the outlier does not. Since the question asks what the “concept” belongs to, it makes more sense that a concept would belong to a theory, rather than a concept belonging to a concept. Spotting this outlier requires a bit of knowledge about the terms “concept” and “theory”, as well as some logical reasoning.

When you can identify an outlier in “all of the above” type questions, this strategy is particularly helpful because you can remove both the outlier as well as the all of the above option.

Look for Hints in Other Questions

I used to treat multiple choice tests on question by question basis. However, I realized that it is more beneficial to consider the multiple choice test as a whole. When you do this, it is easy to see that multiple choice tests contain a whole slew of free information – they are practically cheat sheets. How is this possible? Since many of the concepts you are being tested on are related, referring back to questions you have already answered can sometimes help you narrow down options or understand concepts for a different question you are having difficulty with.

Let’s delve a little into this by scrolling back up to the first example I provided from my chemistry exam. We can identify this question as a naming type question. After narrowing down the options based solely on which are most similar to each other, we deduced that the correct answer was C. Now say if later on in the test, you are presented with another naming type question, but this time all of the options are drastically different. Well, you could just guess, or you can refer back to our example and use it as a blueprint for working on the question you are having difficulty with! Every time you get an answer right on the multiple choice exam, you are building your cheat sheet for the very same exam. I’ll make up a couple of questions so that we can investigate another common occurrence. Just because I’m not very creative, they are biology themed, but remember that this can be applied to any multiple choice exam:

      Which of the following cell structures produces proteins?

              A) Lipid Bilayer
       B) Chloroplast
       C) Ribosome
       D) Electron Transport Chain
       E) None of the Above

Let’s say you aren’t sure about A, B, or D, but you clearly remember your teacher talking about Ribosomes in the role of protein synthesis, so you (correctly) select C. Later on in the exam, you are presented with the question:

What type of proteins does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum create?

A)      Intermembrane
B)      Actin
C)      Intramembrane
D)     All of the above
E)      The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not create proteins
 
And you are stumped!  You comb through your memory and the only thing you know about the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that it is made of a lipid bilayer. If you neglected the rest of your exam, you would be forced to guess the answer to this question. But wait! If you looked back at the first question you answered, you could see that you chose Ribosome to be the correct answer. Therefore, the other options in that question MUST have been wrong. Now you have another piece of information: no lipid bilayers produce proteins. Finally, you can answer the second question correctly, with the answer E.

This is one of my favourite strategies because it can be used in any multiple choice exam: business, math, science, social studies, regardless of how the teacher designs it. Always! Use your exam as a resource whenever possible. This is why is it so important to skip questions that you are not sure about. Instead of wasting your time combing your memory on how to solve it, move on! There may be a question later on in the exam that provides some vital information about the one you are having difficulty with, or sparks your memory.  

Identifying Trick Options


Trick options are the real silent killers when it comes to MC tests. You can expect to fall for a trick option trap if you don’t think critically about what is being asked, or if you rush through a test. Whether you fall for these options or not often comes down to your selection of inductive/deductive logic, attention to detail, and reading comprehension. It is debatable whether or not these are areas that it is fair for your professor to test you on or not, but I will not get into that debate. The reality is that you have to deal with them. Here are some strategies for identifying trick options:

      1. An excess of detail
Professors know how most students think when answering questions, because they were once students themselves. Sometimes they will include a long and elaborate (albeit incorrect) option to trick students into thinking that since it has the most detail, it must be the correct answer. A common pitfall of many long statements is that the majority of the statement will hold correct, but a small detail will be incorrect, rendering the entire option wrong. To avoid falling for this trap, read through the WHOLE statement carefully when picking options with a long statement.
  
            2. The false outlier

Once again, let me reiterate that tricky professors like to imitate how students think when they write tests. Sometimes they make all the answers similar except one, and the one that is different is the correct answer. Since students like to find shortcuts, they immediately cross out the different answer without properly understanding the question. This however, doesn’t happen that often because it is a freebie for students who read the question properly. The false outlier is MUCH more common on calculation type problems. This is because two drastically different numbers can be the result of a single calculational error, such as forgetting a negative sign. Professors make the outlier the correct answer, but then put an option that includes a small calculational error, and make the remaining options similar to the one with the small error. This way, a lazy student that doesn’t check their work gets the answer with the small error, sees that most of the rest of the answers are similar, and is content with their answer and doesn’t bother to recalculate. The lesson here is that you must always check your answers if you have time!

       3. The negative, or double negative

This one is when professors play around with words to see if you are really paying attention to the test. Sometimes professors like to throw in a couple questions where a single word can change the meaning of the question. Joshua discusses this in his post. Read the question carefully! Remember, you can ALWAYS ask a supervisor to clarify what a question is asking.
           
            4. The correct answer, but to a different question

Sometimes a question will have many options that all look familiar. Say if the question is asking for the definition of a certain term, they might include real definitions of other terms to confuse you. To combat this, DON’T just study key terms or notes at face value. Make sure you understand the material and make connections between why definitions make sense instead of memorizing. I have firsthand experience of this type of question screwing me over: During one of my chemistry midterms, I saw a diagram I had seen pop up on a practice midterm. Not knowing how to interpret the diagram because I had committed the answer on the practice midterm to memory, I got that one wrong because it was asking a totally different question.

      5. Designed for common knowledge
One of the main themes of my first year uni education was disproving many common misconceptions the general public holds. Professors like to weed out people who are making guesses by putting in some options that are generally believed to be true by the public or have a different meaning when they are used in general terms. For example, sodium chloride is often interpreted as meaning the same thing as salt, whereas the technical definition of salt encompasses many more compounds. To avoid falling for these traps, read through all of the options and select the answer that is closest to what you were taught in class, rather than the answer that is closest to what the public (and sometimes even you) believe to be true.

In Closing

I hope the above tips and strategies will prove as helpful to all of you as they are for me. Remember: there is no substitution for studying and practice is the best way to become good at multiple choice questions. The only way I was able to analyze these trends was by doing many, many, MC tests throughout my life. I hope you got something from this post and I wish you the best of luck with your future tests!!

Please leave comments to let me know if this was helpful, if you have any questions, or if you feel I am wrong about anything. Thanks for reading!